Highly polarized and functionally compartmentalized neurons traffic and store diverse RNA species in their distal processes, where they participate in local translation and its modulation, in an activity-dependent manner. The dynamic regulation of RNA homeostasis is fundamental to synapse physiology and plasticity. RNAs are classically degraded in the cytoplasm, while some can also be secreted in extracellular vesicles, participating in intercellular communication. With autophagy emerging as a pivotal player in the synapse, we examined its contribution in RNA degradation and secretion. Our findings uncover new autophagic mechanisms regulating RNA homeostasis in neurons and synapses, broadening the functional repertoire of neuronal autophagy beyond protein and organelle turnover.